20.8% Slot‐Die Coated MAPbI ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells by Optimal DMSO‐Content and Age of 2‐ME Based Precursor Inks

Solar cells incorporating metal-halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors are continuing to break efficiency records for solution-processed solar cell devices. Scaling MHP-based devices larger area prototypes requires the development and optimization of scalable process technology ink formulations that enable reproducible coating results. It is demonstrated power conversion (PCE) small-area methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) devices, slot-die coated from a 2-methoxy-ethanol (2-ME) based with dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) used as an additive depends on amount DMSO age formulation. When adding 12 mol% DMSO, high performance (20.8%) achieved. The effect content thin film morphology device through in situ X-ray diffraction small-angle scattering experiments rationalized. Adding limited prevents formation crystalline intermediate phase related MAPbI3 2-ME (MAPbI3-2-ME) induces phase. Higher leads precipitation (DMSO)2MA2Pb3I8 negatively affects thin-film morphology. These results demonstrate rational insights into composition control critical large-scale manufacturing commercial applications.